Characters, Symbols and the Unicode Miracle - Computerphile

That tripped me up too. The Unicode Core spec is quite good at explaining things and introduces some terminology you don't really hear outside the document. Chapter 2, General Structure , is worth reading in its entirety. I've linked some bits that might help: > *2.2.3 Characters, Not Glyphs* > The Unicode Standard draws a distinction between characters and glyphs. Characters are the abstract representations of the smallest components of written language that have semantic value. They represent primarily, but not exclusively, the letters, punctuation, and other signs that constitute natural language text and technical notation. [...] Letters in different scripts, even when they correspond either semantically or graphically, are represented in Unicode by distinct characters. > Characters are represented by code points that reside only in a memory representation, as strings in memory, on disk, or in data transmission. The Unicode Standard deals only with character codes. > *2.4 Code Points and Characters* > The range of integers used to code the abstract characters is called the codespace. A particular integer in this set is called a code point. When an abstract character is mapped or assigned to a particular code point in the codespace, it is then referred to as an encoded character. > *2.5 Encoding Forms* This deals with UTF-{8,16,32}, which is a tricky bit and tripped me up for a long time. If the document is too dense here, there's a lot of supplementary material online exp

Tom is why I understand UTF-8 [1]. And it is not so much WHAT he explained but HOW he explained it, what really made it stick. It was his sheer unbridled genuine enthusiasm that put him on the map for me. One of the best to do it. [1] ▶ this video

More or less same the story but in an explainer video: 'Characters, Symbols and the Unicode Miracle - Computerphile' ▶ this video

Something complementary -- because this article just takes a moment to talk about the different encoding schemes -- a wonderful, terse, very informative video describing how utf-8 encoding works and why (with a little history) by Tom Scott/Computerphile: ▶ this video

That is one of my all-time favorite youtube videos... This one, and a similar one on unicode[1], are my goto exhibits when I need to illustrate to a non-technical family member how much background complexity is involved in software [1] ▶ this video

I love Numberphile too and recently stumbled on Computerphile. The style is the same for both shows -- a passionate person explaining something reasonably complex. For instance, I like Computerphile's video on the evolution of character encoding and why UTF was developed. ▶ this video