Flexible Muscle-Based Locomotion for Bipedal Creatures

There is a paper on two-legged animals learning different methods of walking: ▶ this video (or link for the slightly better known "music video" version). Soda Constructor's wikipedia page also links to a 3D applet named "Springs World 3D", I was playing with that one back in the day.

swangin.mp4 AKA "Flexible Muscle-Based Locomotion for Bipedal Creatures" also has a similar vibe: ▶ this video

I would hope that they can use a framework that's general enough to adapt to other form factors. So, making a humanoid is a way of giving themselves a difficult enough initial problem that they're less likely to be fooled by early success: the humanoid robot will have to self-balance, walk, open doors, and do a lot of the complex things that humans do without thinking in order to be considered a minimum-viable product. In the long run if this pans out, I'd expect to see farming and weeding hexapods, equipment-hauling centaurs, wheeled platforms with arms for getting around office spaces, construction bots with long-fingered hands and asymmetrical multi-jointed appendages, and so on. If the AI has a general capacity for motor-skill learning, then you can just give it whatever body is most optimal for the task at hand. I'm reminded of this video on training an AI to walk through simulation: ▶ this video

Very interesting. I guess it shouldn't be too surprising that the Fosbury Flop seems to be the optimal high jump method, even if it wasn't developed until the 1960s. I didn't see the link to the video with animations at first! It's here in case anyone else missed it: link Which made me revisit this classic: ▶ this video

Since we have machine-learning based walking models for several years now, see e.g. [1] or [2], I'm wondering why walking isn't yet a solved problem by now (?) [1] ▶ this video [2] link

This seems very useful work. But I wonder why it took so long to get here since [1] was published. [1] ▶ this video

This was from 2013: ▶ this video I'm wondering what challenges we have solved since then, beside the mechanical implementation.

Clearly needs some energy constraint factored in to look less like monty python :) I also wonder if the gravity is realistic. A similar video from 2013: ▶ this video Looks much smoother, because of muscle and nerve simulations. At 0:55 you can see the generations learning how to walk.